/ Developer CD Series 1994 August: Tool Chest / Dev.CD Aug 94.toast / Tool Chest / Games / Mac Game Developer's Handbook / Sound and Midi / Developer Tips - Sound

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+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 00 16 44 65 76 65 6c 6f | 70 65 72 20 54 69 70 73 |..Develo|per Tips|
|00000010| 20 2d 20 53 6f 75 6e 64 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | - Sound|........|
|00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000040| 00 4f 4e 4c 4e 48 4c 58 | 32 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.ONLNHLX|2.......|
|00000050| 00 00 00 00 00 26 6a 00 | 00 04 5e a7 fc 26 b0 a7 |.....&j.|..^..&..|
|00000060| fc 26 b0 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.&......|........|
|00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 81 81 5a 4f 00 00 |........|....ZO..|
|00000080| 44 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 | 72 20 54 69 70 73 20 2d |Develope|r Tips -|
|00000090| 20 53 6f 75 6e 64 20 61 | 6e 64 20 4d 49 44 49 20 | Sound a|nd MIDI |
|000000a0| 0d 52 6f 62 65 72 74 20 | 4d 63 4e 61 6c 6c 79 20 |.Robert |McNally |
|000000b0| 2d 20 50 47 41 20 54 6f | 75 72 20 47 6f 6c 66 0d |- PGA To|ur Golf.|
|000000c0| 53 69 6e 63 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e |Since th|e origin|
|000000d0| 61 6c 20 76 65 72 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 50 47 |al versi|on of PG|
|000000e0| 41 20 54 6f 75 72 20 47 | 6f 6c 66 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |A Tour G|olf only|
|000000f0| 20 6d 61 64 65 20 62 65 | 65 70 73 2c 20 74 68 65 | made be|eps, the|
|00000100| 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6f 66 20 64 69 67 | additio|n of dig|
|00000110| 69 74 69 7a 65 64 20 73 | 6f 75 6e 64 20 28 69 6e |itized s|ound (in|
|00000120| 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 | 62 69 72 64 73 20 63 68 |cluding |birds ch|
|00000130| 69 72 70 69 6e 67 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 61 |irping i|n the ba|
|00000140| 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |ckground| and the|
|00000150| 20 63 72 6f 77 64 27 73 | 20 61 70 70 6c 61 75 73 | crowd's| applaus|
|00000160| 65 29 20 6d 61 64 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 4d 61 63 69 |e) made |the Maci|
|00000170| 6e 74 6f 73 68 20 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6d 75 |ntosh ve|rsion mu|
|00000180| 63 68 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 69 6d 70 72 65 73 73 69 |ch more |impressi|
|00000190| 76 65 2e 0d 4d 6f 73 74 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |ve..Most| of the |
|000001a0| 73 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 69 | 6e 20 47 6f 6c 66 20 61 |sounds i|n Golf a|
|000001b0| 72 65 20 22 6f 6e 65 2d | 73 68 6f 74 22 2c 20 74 |re "one-|shot", t|
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|000001d0| 79 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 |y once a|nd then |
|000001e0| 73 74 6f 70 2e 20 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 6d 61 64 65 |stop.  T|his made|
|000001f0| 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 65 66 66 65 63 | the sou|nd effec|
|00000200| 74 73 20 66 61 69 72 6c | 79 20 65 61 73 79 20 74 |ts fairl|y easy t|
|00000210| 6f 20 64 6f 2e 20 20 4f | 6e 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 |o do.  O|nly the |
|00000220| 6d 75 73 69 63 20 64 75 | 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |music du|ring the|
|00000230| 20 73 74 61 72 74 75 70 | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6c 79 | startup| and fly|
|00000240| 62 79 20 73 65 71 75 65 | 6e 63 65 73 20 68 61 64 |by seque|nces had|
|00000250| 20 74 6f 20 70 6c 61 79 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 | to play| continu|
|00000260| 6f 75 73 6c 79 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 69 6e 67 |ously, a|nd thing|
|00000270| 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 6d | 61 64 65 20 73 69 6d 70 |s were m|ade simp|
|00000280| 6c 65 72 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 62 79 20 63 6f 6d |ler ther|e by com|
|00000290| 70 6f 73 69 6e 67 20 6d | 75 73 69 63 61 6c 20 73 |posing m|usical s|
|000002a0| 65 71 75 65 6e 63 65 73 | 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 73 79 |equences| on a sy|
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|000002d0| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 73 65 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 74 68 |.  These| were th|
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|00000350| 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 20 | 52 6f 62 65 72 74 20 4d |contact |Robert M|
|00000360| 63 4e 61 6c 6c 79 20 6f | 66 20 54 68 65 20 44 72 |cNally o|f The Dr|
|00000370| 65 61 6d 65 72 73 20 47 | 75 69 6c 64 2c 20 70 6c |eamers G|uild, pl|
|00000380| 65 61 73 65 20 73 65 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 22 4d 61 |ease see| the "Ma|
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|000003a0| 65 6c 6f 70 65 72 20 54 | 61 6c 65 6e 74 22 20 6c |eloper T|alent" l|
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|000003c0| 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 72 20 | 54 6f 6f 6c 73 2c 20 54 |veloper |Tools, T|
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|000003f0| 53 63 68 69 6c 6c 61 63 | 65 20 2d 20 53 70 65 63 |Schillac|e - Spec|
|00000400| 74 72 65 0d 41 20 4c 69 | 74 74 6c 65 20 42 61 63 |tre.A Li|ttle Bac|
|00000410| 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 20 57 65 20 28 53 74 65 |kground | We (Ste|
|00000420| 76 65 20 4e 65 77 6d 61 | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 53 61 |ve Newma|n and Sa|
|00000430| 6d 20 53 63 68 69 6c 6c | 61 63 65 29 20 77 72 6f |m Schill|ace) wro|
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|00000450| 73 65 64 20 67 61 6d 65 | 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 |sed game| called |
|00000460| 53 70 65 63 74 72 65 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 67 61 |Spectre.|  The ga|
|00000470| 6d 65 20 69 73 20 76 65 | 72 79 20 66 61 73 74 20 |me is ve|ry fast |
|00000480| 70 61 63 65 64 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 76 65 72 79 20 |paced, a|nd very |
|00000490| 76 69 73 63 65 72 61 6c | 20 2d 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |visceral| - some |
|000004a0| 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 63 | 61 6c 6c 20 69 74 20 61 |people c|all it a|
|000004b0| 20 73 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 | simulat|ion.  Th|
|000004c0| 65 20 61 6e 69 6d 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 63 74 |e animat|ion, act|
|000004d0| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 67 61 6d 65 70 6c 61 |ion, and| gamepla|
|000004e0| 79 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c | 6c 20 76 65 72 79 20 74 |y are al|l very t|
|000004f0| 69 67 68 74 20 61 6e 64 | 20 66 61 73 74 2e 20 20 |ight and| fast.  |
|00000500| 49 74 20 77 61 73 20 69 | 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 |It was i|mportant|
|00000510| 20 74 6f 20 75 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | to us t|hat the |
|00000520| 67 61 6d 65 20 66 65 65 | 6c 20 72 65 61 6c 20 2d |game fee|l real -|
|00000530| 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 73 65 65 6e 20 6f 6e | actions| seen on|
|00000540| 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 | 65 65 6e 20 6e 65 65 64 | the scr|een need|
|00000550| 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 72 65 61 6c 20 61 6e | to have| real an|
|00000560| 64 20 70 72 65 64 69 63 | 74 61 62 6c 65 20 65 66 |d predic|table ef|
|00000570| 66 65 63 74 73 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 67 61 6d |fects in| the gam|
|00000580| 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 61 6d 65 20 |e, and t|he game |
|00000590| 6e 65 65 64 73 20 74 6f | 20 67 69 76 65 20 76 65 |needs to| give ve|
|000005a0| 72 79 20 61 63 63 75 72 | 61 74 65 20 66 65 65 64 |ry accur|ate feed|
|000005b0| 62 61 63 6b 2e 20 20 41 | 73 20 69 73 20 75 73 75 |back.  A|s is usu|
|000005c0| 61 6c 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 67 61 6d 65 20 64 65 73 |al with |game des|
|000005d0| 69 67 6e 65 72 73 2c 20 | 77 65 20 6e 65 76 65 72 |igners, |we never|
|000005e0| 20 66 65 65 6c 20 6c 69 | 6b 65 20 77 65 20 68 61 | feel li|ke we ha|
|000005f0| 76 65 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 | 68 20 68 61 72 64 77 61 |ve enoug|h hardwa|
|00000600| 72 65 20 74 6f 20 73 75 | 70 70 6f 72 74 20 74 68 |re to su|pport th|
|00000610| 65 20 67 61 6d 65 2e 20 | 20 54 68 69 73 20 63 61 |e game. | This ca|
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|00000630| 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 20 75 | 73 20 69 6e 20 73 65 76 |ns for u|s in sev|
|00000640| 65 72 61 6c 20 61 72 65 | 61 73 2e 0d 53 6f 75 6e |eral are|as..Soun|
|00000650| 64 20 46 6c 65 78 69 62 | 69 6c 69 74 79 20 20 4f |d Flexib|ility  O|
|00000660| 6e 65 20 70 6c 61 63 65 | 20 77 65 20 6e 65 65 64 |ne place| we need|
|00000670| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 | 20 66 6c 65 78 69 62 6c |ed to be| flexibl|
|00000680| 65 20 77 61 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 20 |e was th|e sound |
|00000690| 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 63 6f 64 65 2e |generati|on code.|
|000006a0| 20 20 41 67 61 69 6e 2c | 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 77 |  Again,| since w|
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|000006c0| 27 72 65 61 6c 69 73 74 | 69 63 27 20 67 61 6d 65 |'realist|ic' game|
|000006d0| 2c 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 | 65 76 65 6e 74 20 69 6e |, every |event in|
|000006e0| 20 74 68 65 20 67 61 6d | 65 20 27 77 61 6e 74 73 | the gam|e 'wants|
|000006f0| 27 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 | 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e |' to be |accompan|
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|00000710| 20 55 6e 66 6f 72 74 75 | 6e 61 74 65 6c 79 2c 20 | Unfortu|nately, |
|00000720| 74 68 65 72 65 20 6a 75 | 73 74 20 69 73 6e 27 74 |there ju|st isn't|
|00000730| 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 | enough |time to |
|00000740| 70 6c 61 79 20 61 6c 6c | 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 6f |play all| that so|
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|00000770| 61 79 20 61 62 6f 75 74 | 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 74 |ay about| three t|
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|000007a0| 64 6f 20 70 6c 61 79 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 61 6e |do play.|  The an|
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|000007c0| 65 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 | 20 66 6c 65 78 69 62 6c |e a very| flexibl|
|000007d0| 65 2c 20 65 76 65 6e 74 | 2d 62 61 73 65 64 20 73 |e, event|-based s|
|000007e0| 6f 75 6e 64 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 57 68 |ound sys|tem.  Wh|
|000007f0| 65 6e 20 77 65 20 77 61 | 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 70 6c |en we wa|nt to pl|
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|00000810| 73 69 6d 75 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 63 6f 64 65 20 |simulati|on code |
|00000820| 73 65 6e 64 73 20 61 6e | 20 65 76 65 6e 74 20 74 |sends an| event t|
|00000830| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f | 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 64 65 |o the so|und code|
|00000840| 20 22 49 20 77 6f 75 6c | 64 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 | "I woul|d like t|
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|00000860| 64 2c 20 61 74 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65 22 |d, at th|is time"|
|00000870| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 | 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 64 |.  The s|ound cod|
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|00000950| 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 |und code| evaluat|
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|00000970| 63 65 20 70 65 72 20 65 | 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e |ce per e|xecution|
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|000009b0| 69 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 61 72 65 20 74 6f 6f 20 |it that |are too |
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|000009e0| 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 |ounds wi|th more |
|000009f0| 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e | 74 20 6f 6e 65 73 20 28 |importan|t ones (|
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|00000b20| 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 6d | 61 6b 65 73 20 73 65 6e | still m|akes sen|
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|00000b60| 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 74 |mount of| time, t|
|00000b70| 68 65 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f |he sound| will no|
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|00000bb0| 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 2d | 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 62 75 |compile-|time, bu|
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|00000bd0| 69 6d 65 20 6f 76 65 72 | 72 69 64 65 73 2e 20 20 |ime over|rides.  |
|00000be0| 28 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e | 20 61 6c 61 72 6d 73 20 |(certain| alarms |
|00000bf0| 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 69 6d 70 6f |may be m|ore impo|
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|00000c10| 61 69 6e 20 20 63 6f 6e | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c |ain  con|ditions,|
|00000c20| 20 65 74 63 2e 29 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 65 76 61 | etc.). | The eva|
|00000c30| 6c 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 77 68 65 74 68 |luation |of wheth|
|00000c40| 65 72 20 74 6f 20 69 6e | 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 20 |er to in|terrupt |
|00000c50| 61 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 20 | 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c |a sound |is simpl|
|00000c60| 65 3a 20 69 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 20 |e: if th|e sound |
|00000c70| 70 6c 61 79 69 6e 67 20 | 69 73 20 70 61 73 74 20 |playing |is past |
|00000c80| 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 69 74 20 73 74 61 67 65 |the comm|it stage|
|00000c90| 20 28 69 74 20 68 61 73 | 20 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 | (it has| played |
|00000ca0| 6c 6f 6e 67 20 65 6e 6f | 75 67 68 20 74 6f 20 6d |long eno|ugh to m|
|00000cb0| 61 6b 65 20 73 65 6e 73 | 65 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |ake sens|e), and |
|00000cc0| 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 |there is| a sound|
|00000cd0| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 71 75 65 75 65 20 74 68 | in the |queue th|
|00000ce0| 61 74 20 68 61 73 6e 27 | 74 20 65 78 70 69 72 65 |at hasn'|t expire|
|00000cf0| 64 20 79 65 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 73 20 6f 66 20 |d yet an|d is of |
|00000d00| 68 69 67 68 65 72 20 70 | 72 69 6f 72 69 74 79 2c |higher p|riority,|
|00000d10| 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 | 72 65 6e 74 20 73 6f 75 | the cur|rent sou|
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|00000d30| 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 65 77 20 73 |d, and t|he new s|
|00000d40| 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 73 20 | 70 6c 61 79 65 64 2e 20 |ound is |played. |
|00000d50| 20 53 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 6b 69 63 6b | Sounds |are kick|
|00000d60| 65 64 20 6f 75 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 |ed out o|f the qu|
|00000d70| 65 75 65 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 79 20 72 75 |eue when| they ru|
|00000d80| 6e 20 70 61 73 74 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 70 65 72 |n past t|heir per|
|00000d90| 73 69 73 74 65 6e 63 65 | 20 74 69 6d 65 2e 20 20 |sistence| time.  |
|00000da0| 49 66 20 74 77 6f 20 73 | 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 69 6e |If two s|ounds in|
|00000db0| 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 65 | 75 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 | the que|ue have |
|00000dc0| 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 | 20 70 72 69 6f 72 69 74 |the same| priorit|
|00000dd0| 79 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6f | 6e 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |y, the o|ne with |
|00000de0| 74 68 65 20 70 6f 73 74 | 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 74 |the post|ing is t|
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|00000e10| 69 74 72 61 72 79 20 2d | 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e |itrary -| you can|
|00000e20| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 74 61 | 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 6f | also ta|ke the o|
|00000e30| 6e 65 20 77 68 6f 20 77 | 69 6c 6c 20 65 78 70 69 |ne who w|ill expi|
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|00002a10| 00 00 00 14 00 14 00 0c | 00 00 00 14 00 14 00 0e |........|........|
|00002a20| 00 00 00 14 00 14 00 24 | 00 00 00 08 00 01 05 54 |.......$|.......T|
|00002a30| 69 6d 65 73 00 00 00 04 | 00 00 ff ff 00 00 01 00 |imes....|........|
|00002a40| 00 00 03 3c 00 00 02 3c | 00 00 01 22 00 32 41 0c |...<...<|...".2A.|
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|00002a60| 00 6a 63 68 70 74 00 00 | 00 76 62 6f 6f 6b 00 00 |.jchpt..|.vbook..|
|00002a70| 00 82 54 4f 43 20 00 00 | 00 8e 54 4f 43 23 00 00 |..TOC ..|..TOC#..|
|00002a80| 00 9a 49 44 58 20 00 00 | 00 a6 49 44 58 23 00 00 |..IDX ..|..IDX#..|
|00002a90| 00 b2 49 44 58 50 00 00 | 00 be 50 41 52 41 00 00 |..IDXP..|..PARA..|
|00002aa0| 00 ca 46 4f 4c 4f 00 00 | 00 d6 44 43 46 4e 00 00 |..FOLO..|..DCFN..|
|00002ab0| 00 e2 44 43 46 23 00 00 | 00 ee 46 4f 4c 53 00 00 |..DCF#..|..FOLS..|
|00002ac0| 00 fa 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 | 00 00 00 32 3c 34 03 e8 |........|...2<4..|
|00002ad0| ff ff 00 00 00 24 00 32 | 3b f8 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 |.....$.2|;.......|
|00002ae0| 00 7a 00 32 3b 78 03 e8 | ff ff 00 00 00 98 00 00 |.z.2;x..|........|
|00002af0| 00 00 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 | 00 9c 00 00 00 00 03 e8 |........|........|
|00002b00| ff ff 00 00 00 a2 00 00 | 00 00 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 |........|........|
|00002b10| 01 7e 00 00 00 00 03 e8 | ff ff 00 00 01 c0 00 00 |.~......|........|
|00002b20| 00 00 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 | 01 c4 00 32 3b 28 03 e8 |........|...2;(..|
|00002b30| ff ff 00 00 01 f8 00 32 | 3b 88 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 |.......2|;.......|
|00002b40| 02 04 00 32 3b 1c 03 e8 | ff ff 00 00 02 28 00 32 |...2;...|.....(.2|
|00002b50| 3b 24 03 e8 ff ff 00 00 | 02 34 00 32 3b 2c 00 00 |;$......|.4.2;,..|
|00002b60| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002b70| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
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